FGF2, in conjunction with BMP4, promote differentiation of stem cells to mesodermal lineages. It is necessary in mouse-feeder cell dependent culture systems, as well as in feeder and serum-free culture systems. It has been demonstrated to induce gremlin expression which in turn is known to inhibit the induction of differentiation by bone morphogenetic proteins. Īdditionally, FGF2 is a critical component of human embryonic stem cell culture medium the growth factor is necessary for the cells to remain in an undifferentiated state, although the mechanisms by which it does this are poorly defined. Recent evidence has shown that low levels of FGF2 play a key role in the incidence of excessive anxiety. įGF2 has been shown in preliminary animal studies to protect the heart from injury associated with a heart attack, reducing tissue death and promoting improved function after reperfusion. It was also shown to act on preosteoblasts – in the form of an increased proliferation – after binding to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase. In addition, it is synthesized and secreted by human adipocytes and the concentration of FGF2 correlates with the BMI in blood samples. It has been hypothesized that, during both wound healing of normal tissues and tumor development, the action of heparan sulfate-degrading enzymes activates bFGF, thus mediating the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. It stays membrane-bound as long as there is no signal peptide. In normal tissue, bFGF is present in basement membranes and in the subendothelial extracellular matrix of blood vessels. Like other FGF family members, basic fibroblast growth factor possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. Gene sequencing revealed that this group is the same FGF2 protein and is a member of a family of FGF proteins. Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975 soon thereafter three variants were isolated: 'basic FGF' (FGF2) Heparin-binding growth factor-2 and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. It binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins, themselves a family of closely related molecules. positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxisįibroblast growth factor 2, also known as basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene.positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process.positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation.positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration.positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling.regulation of signaling receptor activity.phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process.positive regulation of cell population proliferation.positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis.phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process.positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.inositol phosphate biosynthetic process.phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process.regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.positive regulation of cell fate specification.positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis.growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway.positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated.positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis.positive regulation of phospholipase C activity.somatic stem cell population maintenance.positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration.positive regulation of MAP kinase activity.positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.negative regulation of fibroblast migration.release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol.
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